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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
عملکرد تفاوت گویه ها
to as differential item functioning (DIF); intrinsic test bias, now generally referred to as
Differential item functioning
Item bias (differential item functioning [DIF]) is the most straightforward form of bias,
Linguistic forms of DIF are the most common,
An issue related to DIF or item bias is that of item offensiveness.
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